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-
- Randy Gainey
- Professor
- Sociology & Criminal Justice
- 6014 Batten Arts and Letters
-
Norfolk,
VA
23529
- 757-683-4794
- rgainey@odu.edu
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Education
- University of Washington,
1995
- Major: Sociology
- Degree: Ph. D.
- Western Washington University,
1987
- Major: Sociology
- Degree: M.A.
- Western Washington University,
1985
- Major: Sociology
- Degree: B.A.
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Expertise
- Criminology/Criminal Justice
- Race and Ethnic Disparities in Sentencing / Alternative Sanctions (electronic monitoring) / Life Course Perspectives on Crime
and Deviance/ Neighborhood social disorganization and crime.
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Books
- Payne, B. K., and Gainey, R. R. (2005). Drugs and Policing: A Scientific Perspective. Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, LTD.
- Payne, B. K., and Gainey, R. R. (2005). Family Violence and Criminal Justice: A Life Course Approach (2nd Edition). Anderson.
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Book Chapters
- Payne, B. K., and Gainey, R. R. (2007). Social Disorganization, Strain, and Elder Abuse. (pp. 115-132). Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.
- Catalano, R. F., Haggerty, K. P., and Gainey, R. R. (2003). Prevention approaches in methadone treatment settings: Children of drug abuse treatment clients.. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
- Catalano, R. F., Haggerty, K. P., Fleming, C. B., Brewer, D. D., and Gainey, R. R. (2002). “Children of Substance-Abusing Parents: Current Findings from the Focus on Families Project”.. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
- Payne, B. K., and Gainey, R. R. (1999). "How Monitoring Punishes," Reprinted in Perspectives: Issues in Corrections.. Coursewise Publishing Company.
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Articles
- Payne, B. K., Gainey, R. R., and Button, D. M. An Empowered Approach to Developing a Youth Violence Prevention Plan: A Case Study in Small but Growing Rural Community. Crime Prevention and Community Safety
- Payne, B. K., and Gainey, R. R. Guns, Offense Type and Virginia Exile: Should Gun Reduction Policies focus on Specific Offenses. Criminal Justice Review
- Engen, and Gainey, R. R. The Effects of Guideline Departures on Disparity Under Sentencing Guidelines: A Causal Modeling Approach. Criminology
- Payne, B. K., and Gainey, R. R. (2007). Attitudes About the Police and Neighborhood Safety in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods: The Influence of Criminal Victimization
and Perceptions of a Drug Problem. Criminal Justice Review, 32, (pp. 142-155).
- Gainey, R. R., Haggerty, K., Fleming, C., and Catalano, R. (2007). Teaching Parenting Skills in a Methadone Treatment Setting. Social Work Research, 31, (pp. 185-190).
- Payne, B. K., and Gainey, R. R. (2006). Caregiver Burden, Elder Abuse, and Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of Health and Human Services Administration, 29, (pp. 245-259).
- Payne, B. K., Time, V., and Gainey, R. R. (2006). Police Chiefs' and Students' Attitudes Concerning Miranda Warnings. Journal of Criminal Justice, 34, (pp. 653-660).
- Payne, B. K., and Gainey, R. R. (2006). The Criminal Justice Response to Elder Abuse in Nursing Homes: A Routine Activities Perspective. Western Criminology Review, 7, (pp. 67-81).
- Payne, B. K., Gainey, R. R., and Carey, C. (2005). All in the Family: Gender Family Crimes and Later Criminality. Women and Criminal Justice, 16, (pp. 73-90).
- Payne, B. K., and Gainey, R. R. (2005). Differentiating Self-Neglect as a Type of Elder Mistreatment: How Do These Cases Compare to Traditional Type of Elder Mistreatment. Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 17 (21-36),
- Gainey, R. R., Steen, S., and Engen, R. (2005). Exercising Options: An Assessment of the Use of Alternative Sanctions for Drug Offenders. Justice Quarterly, 22, (pp. 488-520).
- Steen, S., Engen, R., and Gainey, R. R. (2005). Images of Danger: The Role of Typescripts in Sentencing Drug Offenders. Criminology, 43, (pp. 435-468).
- Triplett, R. A., Sun, I. Y., and Gainey, R. R. (2005). Social Disorganization and the Ability and Willingness to Enact Control: A Preliminary Test. Western Criminology Review, 6 (1), (pp. 89-103).
- Payne, B. K., Gainey, R. R., Triplett, R. A., and Danner, M. (2004). "What Drives Punitive Beliefs?: Demographic Characteristics and Justifications for Sentencing". Journal of Criminal Justice, 32, (pp. 195-206).
- Payne, B. K., and Gainey, R. R. (2004). Social and Governmental Altruism, Deterrence Theory, and Nursing Home Regulatory Violations: A State-Level Analysis. Journal of Crime and Justice, 27 (2), (pp. 59-78).
- Sun, I. Y., Triplett, R. A., and Gainey, R. R. (2004). Social Disorganization, Legitimacy of Local Institutions and Neighborhood Crime. Journal of Crime and Justice, 27 (1), (pp. 33-60).
- Payne, B. K., and Gainey, R. R. (2004). “Ancillary Consequences of Employee Theft”. Journal of Criminal Justice, 32, (pp. 63-73).
- Sun, I., Triplett, R. A., and Gainey, R. R. (2004). “Neighborhood Characteristics and Crime: A Test of Sampson and Groves’ Model of Social Disorganization”. Western Criminology Review, 5 (1), (pp. 1-16).
- Payne, B. K., and Gainey, R. R. (2004). “The Electronic Monitoring of Offenders Released from Jail or Prison: Safety, Control, and Comparisons to the Incarceration
Experience”. The Prison Journal, 84, (pp. 413-435).
- Payne, B. K., and Gainey, R. R. (2003). “The Influence of Demographic Factors on the Experience of House Arrest”. Federal Probation (pp. 64-70).
- Payne, B. K., Gainey, R. R., Triplett, R. A., and Danner, M. (2003). "Justifications for the Probation Sanction among Residents of Virginia: Cool or Uncool?". Federal Probation, 67 (3), (pp. 42-48).
- Payne, B. K., and Gainey, R. R. (2003). "Understanding and Developing Controversial Issues in College Courses". College Teaching, 51, (pp. 52-58).
- Sun, I. Y., Triplett, R. A., and Gainey, R. R. (2003). Neighborhood Characteristics and Crime: A Test of Sampson and Groves’ Model of Social Disorganization. Western Criminological Review, 5, (pp. 1-16).
- Gainey, R. R., and Payne, B. K. (2003). “Changing Attitudes Toward House Arrest with Electronic Monitoring: The Impact of a Single Presentation”. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 47, (pp. 196-209).
- Engen, R. L., Gainey, R. R., Crutchfield, R., and Weis, J. (2003). “Discretion and Disparity under Sentencing Guidelines: The Role of Departures and Structured Sentencing Alternatives”. Criminology, 41, (pp. 99-130).
- Payne, B. K., and Gainey, R. R. (2003). “Electronic Monitoring and Newspaper Coverage in the Press”. Journal of Crime and Justice, 16, (pp. 133-156).
- Triplett, R. A., Gainey, R. R., and Sun, I. Y. (2003). “Institutional Strength, Social Control and Neighborhood Crime Rates”. Theoretical Criminology, 7, (pp. 421-438).
- Gainey, R. R., and Seyfrit, C. L. (2001). "Fear of Crime Among Rural Youth: Testing the Generality of Urban Models to Rural Areas”. Sociological Focus, 34, (pp. 269-286).
- Payne, B. K., and Gainey, R. R. (2000). "Teaching Controversial Issues in Criminal Justice Courses”. Journal of Criminal Justice Education
- Gainey, R. R., and Payne, B. K. (2000). “A Quantitative and Qualitative Examination of Offenders’ Experiences on Electronic Monitoring”. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 44, (pp. 84-96).
- Engen, R. L., and Gainey, R. R. (2000). “Conceptualizing Legally-Relevant Factors Under Guidelines: A Reply to Ulmer”. Criminology, 38, (pp. 1245-1252).
- Payne, B. K., and Gainey, R. R. (2000). “Is Good-Time Appropriate for Offenders on Electronic Monitoring: Attitudes of Monitoring Directors”. Journal of Criminal Justice, 28, (pp. 1-10).
- Engen, R. L., and Gainey, R. R. (2000). “Modeling the Effects of Legally-Relevant and Extra-Legal Factors Under Sentencing Guidelines: The Rules Have Changed”. Criminology, 38, (pp. 1207-1230).
- Payne, B. K., and Gainey, R. R. (2000). “The State of Electronic Monitoring in America”. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 28, (pp. 1-10).
- Gainey, R. R., Payne, B. K., and O'Toole, M. (2000). “Time in Jail, Time on Electronic Monitoring, and Recidivism: An Event History Analysis”. Justice Quarterly, 17, (pp. 733-752).
- Catalano, R. F., Gainey, R. R., Fleming, C. B., Haggerty, K. P., and Johnson, N. (1999). "Experimental Intervention with Families of Substance Abusers: One Year Follow-up of the Focus on Families Project". Addiction, 94, (pp. 241-254).
- Payne, B. K., and Gainey, R. R. (1999). "How Monitoring Punishes". Journal of Offender Monitoring, 12 (1), (pp. 23-26).
- Payne, B. K., and Gainey, R. R. (1999). “Attitudes Towards Electronic Monitoring Among Monitored Offenders and Criminal Justice Students”. Journal of Offender Monitoring, 29, (pp. 195-208).
- Brewer, D. D., Catalano, R., Haggerty, K., Gainey, R. R., and Fleming, C. (1998). "A Meta-Analysis of Patient Factors Associated with Continued Drug Use During and After Treatment for Opiate Addiction”. Addiction, 93, (pp. 73-92).
- Payne, B. K., and Gainey, R. R. (1998). "A Qualitative Assessment of the Pains Experienced on Electronic Monitoring". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 42, (pp. 149-163).
- Hoppe, M., Wells, E., Haggerty, K., Simpson, E., Gainey, R. R., and Catalano, R. (1998). "Bonding in a High-Risk and a General Sample of Children: Comparison of Measures of Attachment and Their Relationship to Smoking
and Drinking". Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 27, (pp. 59-81).
- Catalano, R. F., Haggerty, K. P., Hoppe, M. J., and Gainey, R. R. (1998). "Effectiveness of Primary Prevention Interventions with High Risk Youth". NIDA Research Monograph Series 176, Cost-Benefit/Cost-Effectiveness Research of Drug Abuse: Implications for Programming and
Policy (pp. 83-110).
- Arneklev, B. J., Cochran, J., and Gainey, R. R. (1998). "Testing Gottfredson and Hirschi's 'Low Self-Control' Stability Hypothesis". American Journal of Criminal Justice, 23, (pp. 107-127).
- Gainey, R. R., Catalano, R. F., Haggerty, K. P., and Hoppe, M. (1997). "Deviance Among the Children of Heroin Addicts in Treatment: Impact of Parents and Peers". Deviant Behavior: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 18 (143-159),
- Fleming, C. B., Brewer, D., Gainey, R. R., Haggerty, K. P., and Catalano, R. (1997). "Parent Drug Use and Bonding to Parents as Predictors of Substance Use in Children of Substance Abusers". Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse, 6, (pp. 75-86).
- Catalano, R. F., Haggerty, K. P., Gainey, R. R., and Hoppe, M. J. (1997). "Reducing Parental Risk Factors for Children's Substance Misuse: Preliminary Outcomes with Addicted Parents". Substance Use & Misuse, 32, (pp. 699-721).
- Gainey, R. R., Catalano, R. F., Haggerty, K. P., and Hoppe, M. J. (1995). "Participation in a Parent Training Program for Methadone Clients". Addictive Behaviors, 20, (pp. 117-125).
- Gainey, R. R., Peterson, P. L., Wells, E. A., Hawkins, J. D., and Catalano, R. F. (1995). "The Social Networks of Cocaine Users Seeking Treatment". Addiction Research, 3, (pp. 17-32).
- Wells, E. A., Peterson, P. L., Gainey, R. R., Hawkins, J. D., and Catalano, R. F. (1994). "Outpatient Treatment for Cocaine Abuse: A Controlled Comparison of Relapse Prevention and Twelve-Step Approaches". American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 20, (pp. 1-17).
- Gainey, R. R., Wells, E. A., Hawkins, J. D., and Catalano, R. F. (1993). "Predicting Treatment Retention Among Cocaine Users". International Journal of the Addictions, 28, (pp. 487-506).
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Presentations
- Evaluating California’s GPS Monitoring of High Risk Sex Offenders
- Conference Name:
- Location: Washington, DC
- Date: January, 2008
- Authors/Presenters:
Geis, S.
Gainey, R. R.
- Fear of Crime and Confidence in the Criminal Justice System - Results of a State-wide Survey
- Conference Name:
- Location: Atlanta
- Date: November, 2007
- Authors/Presenters:
Thompson, A.
Gainey, R. R.
- Fear of Crime and Confidence in the Criminal Justice System: Considering Race and Sex Interaction Effects
- Conference Name:
- Location: Savannah, GA
- Date: September, 2007
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Thompson, A.
- Social Network Characteristics and Continued Drug Use Among Drug Addicted Parents
- Conference Name:
- Location: Seattle
- Date: March, 2007
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Haggerty, K.
Fleming, C.
Skinner, M.
- The Role of Churches in Socially Disorganized Neighborhoods
- Conference Name:
- Location: Los Angeles
- Date: November, 2006
- Authors/Presenters:
Triplett, R. A.
Gainey, R. R.
Sun, I.
- The Role of Race/Ethnicity in Prosecutorial Decisions About Drug Offenders
- Conference Name:
- Location: Los Angeles
- Date: November, 2006
- Authors/Presenters:
Engen, R.
Gainey, R. R.
Steen, S.
- A Gendered approach to Understanding the Relationships Between Victimization Experiences and Attitudes Towards the Police
- Conference Name:
- Date: March, 2006
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Payne, B. K.
- Perceptions of Security and Attitudes Towards the Police in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods
- Conference Name:
- Location: Toronto
- Date: November, 2005
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Payne, B. K.
- Project Safe Neighborhood in Norfolk: A Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation
- Conference Name:
- Location: Toronto
- Date: November, 2005
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Payne, B. K.
- Prosecutorial Strategies to Curb Violent Crime: Project Safe Neighborhoods
- Conference Name:
- Location: Nashville, TN
- Date: November, 2004
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Payne, B. K.
- Assessing the Role of the Strength of Neighborhood-Based Institutions in Neighborhood Rates of Crime
- Sponsoring Organization: American Society of Criminology
- Location: Nashville, TN
- Date: November, 2004
- Authors/Presenters:
Sun, I.
Gainey, R. R.
Triplett, R. A.
- Factors Affecting The Services Provided To Victims Of Sexual Assault
- Conference Name:
- Location: Raleigh, NC
- Date: September, 2004
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Smith, K.
Arneklev, B.
- Ancillary Consequences of Employee Theft
- Conference Name:
- Location: Las Vegas, Nevada
- Date: March, 2004
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Payne, B. K.
- Drugs and Violence in Neighborhoods: Causal Relationship or Common Causes
- Conference Name:
- Location: Denver, CO
- Date: November, 2003
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Payne, B. K.
- Measuring Institutional Strength: Examining the Role of Neighborhood-Based Institutions in Understanding Neighborhood Rates
of Crime
- Sponsoring Organization: American Society of Criminology
- Location: Denver, Colorado
- Date: November, 2003
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Sun, I.
Triplett, R. A.
- Estimating Prosecutorial and Judicial Discretion in Sentencing Under Guildlines
- Conference Name:
- Location: Chicago, IL
- Date: November, 2002
- Authors/Presenters:
Engen, R. L.
Gainey, R. R.
- Public Services and the Willingness to Enact Control: Expanding Our Understanding of Neighborhood Crime Rates
- Conference Name:
- Location: Chicago, IL
- Date: November, 2002
- Authors/Presenters:
Triplett, R. A.
Sun, I.
Gainey, R. R.
- Regulatory Violations in Nursing Homes: A State-Level Analysis
- Conference Name:
- Location: Chicago, IL
- Date: November, 2002
- Authors/Presenters:
Payne, B. K.
Gainey, R. R.
- Sentencing Disparity and Departures as a Mediational Process
- Conference Name:
- Location: Chicago, IL
- Date: November, 2002
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Engen, R. L.
- Electronic Monitoring and Newspaper Coverage in the National Press A Content Analysis
- Conference Name:
- Location: Clearwater, FL
- Date: September, 2002
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Payne, B. K.
- Sentencing and Punishment Justification: Has the Public Cooled Off?
- Sponsoring Organization: American Society of Criminology
- Location: Atlanta, GA
- Date: 2001
- Authors/Presenters:
Payne, B. K.
Gainey, R. R.
Triplett, R. A.
Danner, M.
- Exploring Neighborhood Violent Crime Rates Over Time: Newport News (1989-2000)
- Conference Name:
- Location: Atlanta, GA
- Date: November, 2001
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Triplett, R. A.
Sun, I.
- Social Disorganization and Violent Crime in the 'Burbs'
- Sponsoring Organization: American Society of Criminology
- Location: Atlanta, Georgia
- Date: November, 2001
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Triplett, R. A.
Sun, I.
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Use of Sentencing Alternatives for Drug Offenders
- Conference Name:
- Location: San Fransisco, CA
- Date: November, 2000
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Steen, S.
Engen, R. L.
- Racial Composition and Fear of Crime
- Conference Name:
- Date: November, 1999
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Danner, M.
Seyfrit, C. L.
- Conceptualizing and Assessing the ‘Pains’ Associated with Electronic Monitoring
- Conference Name:
- Location: Washington DC
- Date: November, 1998
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Payne, B. K.
- Time in Jail, Time on Electronic Monitoring, and Recidivism: An Event History Analysis
- Conference Name:
- Location: Palm Beach, FL
- Date: September, 1998
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Payne, B. K.
O'Toole, M.
- Fear of Crime Among Youth on Virginia's Rural Eastern Shore
- Conference Name:
- Location: San Diego, CA
- Date: November, 1997
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Seyfrit, C. L.
- The Impact of Legal and Extra-Legal Factors on Sentencing Outcomes
- Conference Name:
- Location: San Diego, CA
- Date: November, 1997
- Authors/Presenters:
Vandecar, T. J.
Gainey, R. R.
- Electronic Monitoring: What Those on It Have to Say About It
- Conference Name:
- Location: Richmond, VA
- Date: October, 1997
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Payne, B. K.
- Fear of Crime on Virginia's Rural Eastern Shore
- Conference Name:
- Location: Richmond, VA
- Date: October, 1997
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Danner, M.
Seyfrit, C. L.
- Assessing the Stability of 'Low Self Control'
- Conference Name:
- Location: Chicago, IL
- Date: November, 1996
- Authors/Presenters:
Arneklev, B. J.
Cochran, J. K.
Gainey, R. R.
- Parental Heroin Use Following a Parenting Program for Methadone Clients: Effects of Family Factors, Skills, Self-Efficacy,
Motivation, and Depression
- Conference Name:
- Location: Chicago, IL
- Date: November, 1996
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Catalano, R. F.
Haggerty, K. P.
- Publishing Criminology in the Sociological Trinity: The Past 25 Years of the American Sociological Review, American Journal
of Sociology, and Social Forces
- Location: Seattle, WA
- Date: March, 1996
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Day, L. E.
- Modeling Drug Use Over Time with Discrete Time Event History Analyses
- Conference Name:
- Location: Boston, MA
- Date: November, 1995
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Haggerty, K. P.
Catalano, R. F.
- The Effects of Social Context and Offender Race on Sentencing Practices: A Multi-level Analysis
- Conference Name:
- Location: Washington, D.C.
- Date: August, 1995
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Engen, R. L.
Crutchfield, R. D.
Weis, J. G.
- Outcomes of a Parent Training Program for Opiate Abusers in Methadone Treatment: Impact on the Children
- Conference Name:
- Location: Miami, FL
- Date: November, 1994
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Catalano, R. F.
Haggerty, K. P.
Hoppe, M. J.
- The Role of Social Integration and Support on Fear of Crime Among Adolescents Over Time: A Panel Analysis
- Conference Name:
- Location: Los Angeles, CA
- Date: August, 1994
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
- Teaching Parenting Skills to Drug Addicted Parents in Methadone Treatment
- Conference Name:
- Location: Palm Beach, FL
- Date: June, 1994
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Haggerty, K. P.
Catalano, R. F.
Hoppe, M. J.
- Outcomes From Participation in a Parenting Program for Methadone Clients
- Conference Name:
- Location: Palm Beach, FL
- Date: June, 1994
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Haggerty, K. P.
Catalano, R. F.
Hoppe, M. J.
- Parental Monitoring/Supervision, Delinquent Peers and Problem Behaviors Among the Children of Methadone Clients
- Conference Name:
- Location: Phoenix, AZ
- Date: October, 1993
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Catalano, R. F.
Haggerty, K. P.
Hoppe, M. J.
- Individual and Contextual Predictors of Fear Among Adolescents in School and the Home Neighborhood
- Conference Name:
- Location: Miami, FL
- Date: August, 1993
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
- Community Structure and Fear of Crime Among Adolescents
- Conference Name:
- Location: Portland, OR
- Date: March, 1993
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
- Fear Among Adolescents in the School and School Neighborhood: A Contextual Analysis
- Conference Name:
- Location: New Orleans, LA
- Date: November, 1992
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
- Retention and Exposure to a Parenting Skills Training Program for Drug Abusers: Exploring Ignored Variation
- Conference Name:
- Location: New Orleans, LA
- Date: November, 1992
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Haggerty, K. P.
Catalano, R. F.
- The Social Networks of Cocaine Abusers: The Ties That Bind and Gag
- Conference Name:
- Location: San Francisco, CA
- Date: November, 1991
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Peterson, P. L.
Wells, E. A.
Hawkins, J. D.
Catalano, R. F.
- Periods of Abstinence and Relapse Following Treatment: An Event History Approach to Assessing Treatment Outcome
- Conference Name:
- Location: Baltimore, MD
- Date: November, 1990
- Authors/Presenters:
Gainey, R. R.
Simpson, E. E.
Stephens, R. S.
Roffman, R.
- Adherence to Cigarette, Marijuana and Cocaine Treatment Programs: A Survival Analysis
- Conference Name:
- Location: Reno, NV
- Date: November, 1989
- Authors/Presenters:
Simpson, E. E.
Gainey, R. R.
Murphy, T. J.
Wells, E. A.
Catalano, R. F.
Hawkins, D.
Roffman, R. A.
- Differential Involvement or Discrimination? Explaining Racial Disparity in Juvenile Incarceration: A State Level Analysis
- Conference Name:
- Location: Reno, NV
- Date: November, 1989
- Authors/Presenters:
Arneklev, B. J.
Gainey, R. R.
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Contracts, Grants and Sponsored Research