Professor

Richard Zimmerman

757-683-5991
Bio-Optical Research Group (BORG)

337 OCEANOGRAPHY & PHYSICS BLDG
NORFOLK, 23529

Ph.D. in Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, (1983)

M.S. in Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, (1979)

B.S. in Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, (1975)

Contracts, Grants and Sponsored Research

Zimmerman, R. C. and Burdige, D. J. "Collaborative Research: Toward An Improved Understanding of Blue Carbon: The Role of Seegrasses In Sequestering Co2" $413,838. Federal. August 1, 2016 - July 31, 2019
Zimmerman, R. C. and Burdige, D. J. "Collaborative Research: Toward an Improved Understanding of Blue Carbon: The Role of Seagrasses in Sequestering CO" $827,675. Federal. August 1, 2016 - July 31, 2019
Zimmerman, R. C., Hill, V. J., Li, J. and Schaeffer, B. "Quantification of Blue Carbon Burial in Seagrass Ecosystems and the Impact of Projected Climate Change" $553,876. Federal. March 15, 2017 - March 14, 2019
Zimmerman, R. C. and Hill, V. "Quantif Blue Carbon Burial in Seagrass Ecosys & Impact Projected Climate Change" $188,439. Federal. March 1, 2017 - February 28, 2018
Zimmerman, R. C., Hill, V. and Li, J. "Image Analysis of Biofouling Test Panels" $6,800. Commercial. August 26, 2016 - April 30, 2017
Zimmerman, R. C., Hill, V. J. and Li, J. "Image Analysis of Biofouling Test Panels" $20,000. Federal. October 15, 2016 - April 15, 2017
Zimmerman, R. C. "Chesapeake Bay Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Habitat Requirement and Restoration Targets: A THIRD Technical Synthesi" $5,500. State. January 1, 2014 - December 31, 2016
Zimmerman, R. C. "Collaborative Research: Toward an Improved Understanding of Blue carbon: The Role of Seagrasses in Sequestering CO2" $827,675. July 1, 2016 -
Zimmerman, R. C., Hill, V. J., Klinck, J. M. and Dinniman, M. "Modeling the impacts of water quality on SAV and other living resources in the tidal Chesapeake Bay" $88,085. Federal. June 1, 2014 - May 31, 2016
Zimmerman, R. C. "MRI Acquisition of a Hybrid Mass Spectrometer System for the Next Generation of Multidisciplinary Geosciences Research, Student Education and Training Funding Agency: National Science Foundation" $517,631. Federal. October 1, 2012 - September 30, 2015
Zimmerman, R. C. and Hill, V. J. "Collaborative Research: Impact Of Climate Warming and Ocean Carbonation On Eelgrass (Zostera marina)" $912,102. Federal. February 1, 2011 - January 31, 2015
Zimmerman, R. C. "Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Photoprotective Mechanisms and Carbon Partitioning in Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.)" $80,000. Federal. June 1, 2012 - May 31, 2014
Zimmerman, R. C. "The effect of CO2 availability on nitrogen metabolism and growth of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.)" $40,000. Federal. -
Zimmerman, R. C., Sukenik, C. I. and Hill, V. J. "MRI: Development of an in situ, oceanographic LIDAR for profiling the vertical distribution of optical properties in natural waters" $1,262,879. Federal. -
Zimmerman, R. C. "Ocean Acidification: Collaborative Research: Integrated transcriptomic and physiological analysis of ocean acidification & temperature impact on eelgrass (Zostera marina)" $744,139. Federal. -
Zimmerman, R. C. "Remote Assessment of Florida Seagrass Abundance, Bathymetry and Prop Scarring from WV2 Imagery – St George Sound" $53,118. State. March 1, 2012 - February 28, 2013
Zimmerman, R. C. and Gallegos, C. L. "Integrated Modeling of SAV Habitat Requirements: Improving Predictions of Water Quality and Land Use Impacts on a Critical Marine Resource" $186,799. Federal. February 1, 2011 - January 31, 2013
Zimmerman, R. C. "Construction and testing of an in situ LIDAR Instrument" $122,000. Federal. April 1, 2010 - April 1, 2011
Zimmerman, R. C. "Remote Assessment of Giant Kelp Dynamics – The Engineer of California’s Nearshore Ecosystems" $180,000. Federal. April 1, 2007 - April 1, 2011
Zimmerman, R. C. "Remote Assessment of Florida Seagrass Abundance, Bathymetry and Prop Scarring from WV2 Imagery Dekle Beach and St Joseph/’s Bay" $100,000. State. April 1, 2010 - March 31, 2011
Zimmerman, R. C., Hill, V. J.. and Sukenik, C. I. "Statement of Work for CALIPSO-ROSES Proposal" $88,000. Federal. February 1, 2010 - October 31, 2010
Zimmerman, R. C. "Evaluate the Utility of CALIPSO Data for Ocean Color Application" $130,000. Federal. October 1, 2008 - October 1, 2010
Zimmerman, R. C., Hill, V. J.. and Sukenik, C. I. "Increase in SOW: CALIPSO/ROSES: Construction of an in-situ LIDAR System" $34,000. Federal. - April 2010
Zimmerman, R. C. "Producing an updated synthesis of the Arctic’s marine primary production regime and its controls." $233,125. Federal. October 1, 2006 - October 1, 2009
Zimmerman, R. C. "Bethnic Ecology from Space" $152,745. Federal. September 1, 2005 - September 1, 2008
Zimmerman, R. C. "CI-CORE" $390,000. Federal. September 1, 2004 - September 1, 2008
Zimmerman, R. C. "Sea-Truth Support for Hyperspectral Overflights of St. Joe's Bay, Florida" $20,000. Private. September 1, 2006 - September 1, 2007
Zimmerman, R. C. "Carbonate Dissolution in Shallow Water Tropical Sediments" $206,000. March 1, 2002 - 2005
Zimmerman, R. C. "Impact of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation on Radiative Transfer and Hyperspectral Remote Sensing in Optically Shallow Waters" $80,000. October 1, 2001 - 2003
Zimmerman, R. C. "Envorinmental determinants of tropical seagrass meadow productivity and distribution" $94,000. March 1, 2002 - 2002
Zimmerman, R. C. "Feasibility Study of an Ecoengineering-based Method to increase atmospheric CO2 fixation into a marine ecosystem" $200,000. January 10, 1999 - 2002
"Seagrass Restoration by Co2 Enrichment" $16,500. October 1, 2001 - 2001
Zimmerman, R. C. "Adhesive Properties of Coatings Containing Surface-Immobolized Zosteric Acid and Analogs" $150,000. January 6, 2000 - 2001
Zimmerman, R. C. "Radiative Transfer in Submerged Macrophyte Canopies" $330,000. January 10, 1999 - 2001
Zimmerman, R. C. "Genetic Modification of Yeast cells for Genetic Transformation of Yeast for Biosensor Technology" $412,001. January 6, 1998 - 2001
Zimmerman, R. C. "Seagrass Restoration by Co2 Enrichment" $16,500. October 1, 2000 - 2000
Zimmerman, R. C. "Domoic Acid Biosynthesis in Marine Diatoms" $120,267. January 3, 1998 - 2000
Zimmerman, R. C. "In Water Remote Sensing of Benthic Reflectance from Vegetated Environments " $84,882. January 1, 1999 - 1999
Zimmerman, R. C. "Reflectance from Vegetated Enviroment" $7,350. January 11, 1999 - 1999
Zimmerman, R. C. "Radiative Transfer in Submerged Seagrass Canopies" $375,000. January 10, 1996 - 1999
Zimmerman, R. C. "Nontoxic Antifouling Properties of Zosteric Acid: Potential Biomedical Applications" $15,000. January 2, 1997 - 1997
Zimmerman, R. C. "Nontoxic Antifouling Properties of Zosteric Acid: Potential Biomedical Applications" $15,000. January 9, 1997 - 1997

Expertise

Oceanography
plant physiology, photosynthesis, environmental optics, remote sensing, electronics, instrumentation, statistics
Biology
ecological plant physiology, systems ecology, marine biology
Climate Change
ocean acidification, global warming
Environmental Issues
water quality, climate change, ocean productivity
Plants
photosynthesis, physiology & ecology
Remote Sensing
ocean color, LIDAR, coastal ecosystems

Research Interests

Ecological physiology of marine photosynthesis, metabolic regulation of carbon and nutrient dynamics in marine ecosystems, radiative transfer and remote sensing of optically shallow waters, ecosystem productivity and numerical modeling.

Articles

Arnold, T., Zimmerman, R. C., Englehardt, K. and Stevenson, J. (2017). 21st Century climate change and submerged aquatic vegetation in a temperate estuary: the case of Chesapeake Bay. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 3 (7).
Zimmerman, R. C., Hill, V. J., Celebi, B., Jinuntuya, M., Ruble, D., Smith, M., Cedeno, T. and Swingle, W. Mark. (2017). Experimental impacts of climate warming and ocean carbonation on eelgrass (Zostera marina L.). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 566 , pp. 1-15.
Hill, V. and Zimmerman, R. C. (2016). Characteristics of colored dissolved organic material in the sea ice and water column in the Canadian Arctic during the early spring. Marine Chemistry 80 , pp. 1-13.
Oguslu, E., Hill, V., Bissett, W., Zimmerman, R. C. and Li, J. (2016). Detection of propeller scars in seagrass meadows using sparse coding and morphological filter. Remote Sens. Env..
Minor, E., Austin, J., Sun, L., Gauer, L., Zimmerman, E. and Mopper, K. (2016). Mixing effects on light exposure in a large lake epilimnion: a preliminary dual dye study. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 14 (8) , pp. 542-554.
McPherson, M., Zimmerman, R. C. and Hill, V. J.. (2015). Predicting carbon isotope discrimination in Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) from the environmental parameters—light, flow, and [DIC]. Limnology and Oceanography 60 (6) , pp. 1875-1889.
Zimmerman, R. C., Hill, V. J.. and Gallegos, C. L.. (2015). Predicting effects of ocean warming, acidification and water quality on Chesapeake Bay eelgrass. Limnol. Oceanogr. 60 (5) , pp. 1781-1804.
Andersson, A., Klein, D., Edmonds, P. J.., Archer, S. D.., Bendnaršek, N., Carpenter, R. C.., Chadsey, M., Goldstein, P., Grottoli, A. G.., Hurst, T. P.., King, A. L.., Kübler, J. E.., Kuffner, I. B.., Mackey, K. R.M.., Menge, B. A.., Paytan, A., Riebesell, U., Schnetzer, A., Warner, M. E.. and Zimmerman, R. C. (2015). The day after tomorrow: understanding ocean acidification impacts on organismal to ecological scales. Oceanography 28 (2) , pp. 16-27.
Hill, V. J., Zimmerman, R. C., Bissett, W. Paul., Dierssen, H. M. and Kohler, D. H. (2014). Evaluating light availability, seagrass biomass and productivity using hyperspectral airborne remote sensing in Saint Joseph’s Bay, Florida. Estuaries and Coasts 37 , pp. 1467-1489.
Zayas, C., Zimmerman, R., Hill, V., Gaeckle, J. and Short, F. (2014). Differentis response of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) populations to CO2 and temperature. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser..
McPherson, M., Zimmerman, R. C. and Hill, V. Environmental and physiological influences on productivity and carbon isotope discrimination in eelgrass (Zostera marina L.). Limnol. Oceanogr..
Hill, V. J.., Matrai, P. A.., Olson, E., Suttles, S., Steele, M., Codispoti, L. A.. and Zimmerman, E. (2013). Synthesis of integrated primary production in the Arctic Ocean: II. In situ and remotely sensed estimates. Prog. Oceanogr. 110 , pp. 107-125.
Hu, X., Burdige, D. J. and Zimmerman, R. C. (2012). δ13C is a signature of light availability and photosynthesis in seagrass. Limnol. Oceanogr. 57 , pp. 441-448.
McPherson, M., Hill, V. J., Zimmerman, R. C. and Dierssen, H. M. (2011). The optical properties of Greater Florida Bay: implications for seagrass abundance. Estuaries and Coasts 34 , pp. 1150-1160.
Hill, V. and Zimmerman, R. C. (2010). Increasing the accuracy of remotely sensed primary production estimates for the Arctic Ocean, using passive and active sensors. Deep Sea Res. 57 , pp. 1243-1254.
Pan, X. and Zimmerman, R. C. (2010). Modeling the vertical distributions of downwelling plane irradiance and diffuse attenuation coefficient in optically deep waters. J. Geophys. Res. 115 , pp. 14 pp.
Burdige, D. J., Hu, X. and Zimmerman, R. C. (2010). The widespread occurrence of coupled carbonate dissolution/reprecipitation in surface sediments on the Bahamas Bank. Amer. J. Science 310 , pp. 492-521.
Dierssen, H., Zimmerman, R. C., Drake, L. and Burdige, D. J. (2010). Benthic ecology from space: optics and net primary production cross the Great Bahama Bank from seagrass and benthic algae. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 411 , pp. 1-15.
Bachmann, C. M.., Montes, M. J. ., Fusina, R. A. ., Parrish, C., Sellars, J., Weidemann, A., Goode, W., Nichols, C. Reid., Woodward, P., McIlhany, K., Hill, V., Zimmerman, R. C., Korwan, D., Truitt, B. and Schwarzschild, A. (2010). Bathymetry Retrieval from Hyperspectral Imagery in the Very Shallow Water Limit: A Case Study from the 2007 Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR '07) Multi-Sensor Campaign. Marine Geodesy 33 (1) , pp. 53-75.
Swain, G., Anil, A. C.., Baier, R. E.., Chia, F., Conte, E., Cook, A., Hadfield, M., Haslbeck, E., Holm, r., Kavanagh, C., Kohrs, D., Kovach, B., Lee, C., Mazzella, L., Meyer, A. E., Qian, P., Sawant, S. S.., Schultz, M., Sigurdsson, J., Smith, C., Soo, L., Terlizzi, A., Wagh, A., Zimmerman, R. C. and Zupo, V. (2009). Biofouling and barnacle adhesion data for fouling-release coatings subjected to static immersion at seven marine sites. Biofouling 16 (2-4) , pp. 331-344.
Dierssen, H. M.., Zimmerman, R. C. and Burdige, D. J. (2009). Optics and remote sensing of Bahamian carbonate sediment whitings and potential relationship to wind-driven Langmuir circulation. Biogeosciences 6 (3) , pp. 487-500.
Dierssen, H. M.., Zimmerman, R. C., Drake, L. A.. and Burdige, D. J. (2009). Potential export of unattached benthic macroalgae to the deep sea through wind-driven Langmuir circulation. Geophys. Res. Let. 36.
Rassweiler, A., Arkema, K., Reed, D., Zimmerman, R. C. and Brzezinski, M. (2008). Net Primary production, growth and standing crop of Macrocystis pyrifera in Southern California. Ecology 89 , pp. 2068.
Burdige, D. J., Zimmerman, R. C. and Hu, X. (2008). Rates of carbonate dissolution in permeable sediments estimated from pore-water profiles: The role of sea grasses. Limnol. Oceanogr. 53 (2) , pp. 549-565.
Palacios, S. L.. and Zimmerman, R. C. (2007). Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) response to CO2 enrichment: possible impacts of climate change and potential for remediation of coastal habitats. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 344 , pp. 1-13.
Dierssen, H., Kudela, R., Ryan, J. and Zimmerman, R. C. (2006). Red and black tides: Quantitative anaylsis of sea spectral reflectance and perceived color for phytoplankton, colored dissolved organic matter, and suspended sediments. Limnol. Oceanogr. 51 (6) , pp. 2646-2659.
Foster, M. S.., Edwards, M. S.., Reed, D. C.., Schiel, D. R.. and Zimmerman, R. C. (2006). Top-down vs. bottom up effects in kelp forests. Science 313 (5794) , pp. 1737-1739.
Dominik, C. M.. and Zimmerman, R. C. (2006). Dynamics of carbon allocation in a deep water population of the deciduous kelp, Pleurophycus gardneri. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 309 , pp. 143-157.
Dominik, C. M., Zimmerman, R. C. and Drake, L. A. (2004). Widespread occurence of previously unreported intracellular crystals in Thalassia testudinum (Banks ex Koenig). Aquat. Bot. 80 , pp. 23-28.
Cummings, M. E.. and Zimmerman, R. C. (2003). Light harvesting and the package effect in Thalassia testudinum Koenig and Zostera marina L.: Optical constraints on photoacclimation. Aquat. Bot. 75 (3) , pp. 261-274.
Dierssen, H. M.., Zimmerman, R. C., Leathers, R. A.., Downes, T. Valerie. and Davis, C. O.. (2003). Ocean color remote sensing of seagrass and bathymetry in the Bahamas Banks by high-resolution airborne imagery. Limnol. Oceangr. 48 (1 part 2) , pp. 444-455.
Zimmerman, R. C. (2003). A biooptical model of irradiance distribution and photosynthesis in seagrass canopies. Limnol. Oceanogr. 48 (1 part 2) , pp. 568-585.
Drake, L. A.., Dobbs, F. C.. and Zimmerman, R. C. (2003). Effects of epiphyte load on optical properties and photosynthetic potential of the seagrasses Thalassia testudinum Koenig and Zostera marina L. Limnol. Oceanogr. 48 (1 part 2) , pp. 456-463.
Wittlinger, S. K.. and Zimmerman, R. C. (2002). Hyperspectral remote sensing of subtidal macrophytes in optically shallow water. Limnol. Oceanogr. in review.
Burdige, D. J. and Zimmerman, R. C. (2002). Impact of seagrass density on carbonate dissolution in Bahamian sediments. Limnol. Oceanogr. 47 (6) , pp. 1751-1763.
Fuchs, E., Zimmerman, R. C. and Jaffe, J. S.. (2002). The effect of elevated levels of phaeophytin in natural waters on variable fluorescence measured from phytoplankton. J. Plank. Res. 24 (11) , pp. 1221-1229.
Cabello-Pasini, A., Lara-Turrent, C. and Zimmerman, R. C. (2002). Photosynthesis, carbohydrate content and survival of eelgrass populations in a coastal lagoon and the adjacent open sea. Aquat. Bot. 74 (2) , pp. 149-164.
Invers, O., Zimmerman, R. C., Alberte, R., Perez, M. and Romero, J. (2001). Inorganic carbon sources for seagrass photosynthesis: an experimental evaluation for bicarbonate use in temperate species. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 265 , pp. 203-217.
Van Duin, E., Bloom, G., Los, F., Maffione, R., Zimmerman, R. C., Cerco, C., Dortch, M. and Best, E. (2001). Modeling underwater light climate in relation to sedimentation, resuspension, water quality and autotrophic growth. Hydrobiolgia 444 , pp. 25-42.
Zimmerman, R. C., Steller, D. L.., Kohrs, D. G.. and Alberte, R. S.. (2001). Top-down impact through a bottom-up mechanism: in situ effects of limpet grazing on growth, light requirements and survival of Zostera marina L. (eelgrass). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 218 , pp. 127-140.
Swain, G., Anil, A., Baier, R., Chia, F., Conte, E., Cook, A., Hadfield, M., Haslbeck, L., Holm, E., Kavanagh, C., Kohrs, D., Kovach, B., Lee, C., Mazzella, L., Meyer, A., Qian, P., Sawant, S. S., Schultz, M., Sigurdsson, J., Smith, C., Soo, L., Terlizzi, A., Wagh, A., Zimmerman, R. C. and Zupo, V. (2000). Biofouling and barnacle adhesion data for fouling-releasing coatings subjected to static immersion at seven marine sites. Biofouling 16 , pp. 331-334.
Jochem, F. J., Smith, G. J., Gao, Y., Zimmerman, R. C., Cabello-Pasini, A., Kohrs, D. G. and Alberte, R. S. (2000). Cytometric quantification of nitrate reductase by immunolabeling in the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum. Cytometry 39 , pp. 173-178.
Alcoverro, T., Zimmerman, R. C., Kohrs, D. G.. and Alberte, R. S.. (1999). Resource allocation and sucrose mobilization in light-limited eelgrass (Zostera marina L.). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 187 , pp. 121-131.
Sundberg, D. C., Zimmerman, R. C. and Smith, C. M. (1997). Selection, design and delivery of environmentally benign antifouling agents. Nav. Res. Rev XLIX , pp. 51-59.
Zimmerman, R. C., Kohrs, D. G.., Steller, D. L.. and Alberte, R. S.. (1997). Impacts of CO2 -enrichment on productivity and light requirements of eelgrass. Plant Physiol. 115 , pp. 599-607.
Zimmerman, R. C. and Alberte, R. S.. (1996). Effect of light/dark transition on carbon translocation in eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) seedlings. Marine Ecology Progress Series 136 , pp. 305-309.
Zimmerman, R. C., Kohrs, D. G.. and Alberte, R. S.. (1996). Top-down impact through a bottom-up mechanism: the effect of limpet grazing on growth, productivity and carbon allocation of Zostera marina L. (eelgrass). Oecol. 107 (4) , pp. 560-567.
Drake, L. and Zimmerman, R. (1996). Photosynthetic efficiency and photoacclimation of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C. Agardh. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser..
Clendennen, S. K.., Zimmerman, R. C., Powers, D. A.. and Alberte, R. S.. (1996). The photosynthetic response of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (Phaeophyceae) to UVB radiation. J. Phycol. 32 , pp. 614-620.
Zimmerman, R. C., Reguzzoni, J. L.. and Alberte, R. S.. (1995). Role of light availability on growth and metabolism of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) transplants in San Francisco Bay. Aquat. Bot. 51 , pp. 67-86.
Zimmerman, R. C., Kohrs, D. G.., Steller, D. L.. and Alberte, R. S.. (1995). Carbon partitioning in seagrass (Zostera marina L.): Regulation by photosynthesis and the role of daily light-dark cycles. Plant Physiol. 108 , pp. 1667-1671.
Alberte, R. S.., Suba, G. K.., Procaccini, G., Zimmerman, R. C. and Fain, S. R.. (1994). Assessment of genetic diversity of seagrass populations using DNA fingerprinting: Implications for population stability and management. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 91 , pp. 1049-1053.
Zimmerman, R. C., Cabello-Pasini, A. and Alberte, R. S.. (1994). Modeling daily production of aquatic macrophytes from irradiance measurements: a comparative analysis. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 114 , pp. 185-196.
Todd, J. T., Zimmerman, R. C., Crews, P. and Alberte, R. S. (1993). Isolation of p-sulfoxy cinnamic acid from Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) and the antifouling activity of phenolic acid sulfate esters. Phytochemistry 34 , pp. 401-404.
Todd, J. S.., Zimmerman, R. C., Crews, P. and Alberte, R. S.. (1993). The antifouling activity of natural and synthetic phenolic acid sulphate esters. Phytochem. 34 (2) , pp. 401-404.
Short, F. T.., Montgomer, J., Zimmermann, C. F.. and Short, C. A.. (1993). Seasonal seagrass abundance and nutrient dynamics of a @Syringodium filiforme@ Kutz. bed in the Indian River Lagoon, FL, USA.
J, C. A., J, E. M. and Zimmerman, R. C. (1992). Discovery of a fertile Pelagophycus x Macrocystis (Phaeophyta) hybrid and subsequent productions of F2 sporophytes in laboratory culture. J. Phycol. 28 , pp. 127-130.
Smith, G. Jason., Zimmerman, R. C. and Alberte, R. S.. (1992). Molecular and physiological response of diatoms to variable levels of irradiance and nitrogen availability. I. Growth of Skeletonema costatum in simulated upwelling conditions. Limnol. Oceanogr. 37 , pp. 989-1007.
Zimmerman, R. C., Reguzzoni, J. L.., Wyllie-Echeverria, S., Josselyn, M. and Alberte, R. S.. (1991). Assessment of environmental suitability for growth of Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) in San Francisco Bay. Aquat. Bot. 39 , pp. 345-352.
Kopczak, C. D.., Zimmerman, R. C. and Kremer, J. N.. (1991). Variation in nitrogen physiology and growth among geographically isolated populations of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera (Phaeophyta). J. Phycol. 27 , pp. 149-158.
Zimmerman, R. C., Smith, R. D.. and Alberte, R. S.. (1989). Thermal acclimation and whole plant carbon balance in Zostera marina L. (eelgrass). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 130 , pp. 93-109.
Smith, R. D.., Zimmerman, R. C. and Alberte, R. S.. (1988). Effects of long term anaerobiosis on carbon metabolism and respiration in roots of Zostera marina L. Eos 68 , pp. 1741.
Zimmerman, R. C., SooHoo, J. Beeler., Kremer, J. N.. and D’Argenio, D. Z.. (1987). An evaluation of variance approximation techniques for non-linear photosynthesis-irradiance models. Mar. Biol. 95 , pp. 209-215.
Zimmerman, R. C., Smith, R. D.. and Alberte, R. S.. (1987). Is growth of eelgrass nitrogen limited?A modeling analysis of the effects of light and nitrogen on the growth dynamics of Zostera marina. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 41 , pp. 167-176.
Zimmerman, R. C., Kremer, J. N.. and Dugdale, R. C.. (1987). Modeling acceleration of nutrient uptake by phytoplankton in a coastal upwelling ecosystem: A modeling analysis. Limnol. Oceanogr. 32 , pp. 359-367.
Zimmerman, R. C. and Kremer, J. N.. (1986). In situ growth and chemical composition of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera: response to temporal changes in ambient nutrient availability. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 27 , pp. 277-285.
Zimmerman, R. C. and Robertson, D. L.. (1985). Effects of El Nino on local hydrography and growth of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera at Santa Catalina Island, California. Limnol. Oceanogr. 30(6) , pp. 1298-1302.
Short, F., Davis, M., Gibson, R. and Zimmerman, C. (1985). Evidence for phosphorus limitation in carbonate sediments of the seagrass Syringodium filiforme. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 20 , pp. 419-430.
Zimmermann, C. F.. and Montgomery, J. (1984). Effects of a decomposing drift algal mat on sediment pore water nutrient concentrations in a Florida seagrass bed. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 19 , pp. 299-302.
Zimmerman, R. C. and Kremer, J. N.. (1984). Episodic nutrient supply to a kelp forest ecosystem in southern California. J. Mar. Res. 42(3) , pp. 591-604.
North, W. J.. and Zimmerman, R. C. (1984). Influences of macronutrients and water temperatures on summertime survival of Macrocystis canopies. Hydrobiologia 116/117 , pp. 419-424.
Zimmerman, R. C. (1983). Seasonal patterns in the productivity of a giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) forest: the effect of nutrient availability. Ph.D. Dissertation.. , pp. 182.
Hammer, R. M.. and Zimmerman, R. C. (1979). Species of demersal zooplankton inhabiting a kelp forest ecosystem off Santa Catalina Island, California. Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 78(3) , pp. 199-206.
Ramus, J., Lemons, F. and Zimmerman, R. C. (1977). Adaptation of light harvesting pigments to downwelling light and the consequent photosynthetic performance of eulittoral rockweeds Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus. Mar. Biol. 42 , pp. 293-303.

Book Chapters

Zimmerman, R. C. (2017). Systems Biology and the Seagrass Paradox: Adaptation, Acclimation and Survival of Marine Angiosperms in a Changing Ocean Climate Systems of Marine Ecosystems (pp. 1-34) Dordrecht: Springer.
Zimmerman, R. C., Sukenik, C. I. and Hill, V. J. (2013). Chapter 18. Using oceanographic LIDAR to determine the vertial bio-optical structure of the upper ocean Subsea Optics and Imaging (pp. 471-487) Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing.
Bachmann, C., Montes, M., Fusina, R., Parrish, C., Sellars, J., Weidemann, A., Goode, W., Nichols, C., Woodward, P., Mcilhany, K., Hill, V., Zimmerman, R. C., Korwan, D., Truitt, B. and Schwarzschild, A. (2008). Very Shallow Water Bathymetry Retrieval from Hyperspectral Imagery at the Virginia Coast Reserve(VCRapos;07) Multi-Sensor Campaign Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (pp. 125-128) Boston, MA: IEEE.
Zimmerman, R. C. (2007). Photosynthesis Encyclopedia of Tidepools and Rocky Shores (pp. 429-435) Berkeley: University of California Press.
Zimmerman, R. C. and Dekker, A. G.. (2006). Chapter 12. Aquatic optics: basic concepts for understanding how light affects seagrasses and makes them measurable from space Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation (pp. 295-301) Dordrecht: Springer.
Zimmerman, R. C. (2006). Chapter 13. Light and photosynthesis in seagrass meadows Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation (pp. 303-321) Dordrecht: Springer.
Zimmerman, R. C. and Caffrey, J. (2002). Chapter 8. Primary Producers Changes in a California estuary. A profile of Elkhorn Slough (pp. 118-133) Moss Landing, California, USA: Elkhorn Slough Foundation.
Zimmerman, R. C. and Palacios, S. L. . (2002). Stimulating eelgrass production with industiral flue gas: Eco-engineering for habitat remediation and purposeful carbon storage International Workshop for the SEECS (Seagrass Ecosystem Ecoengineering and Carbon Sequestration) Project (pp. 25pp) University of Toyko, Japan : Graduate School of Frontier Science.
Zinn, M., Zimmerman, R. C. and White, D. C.. (2000). Environmentally acceptable control of microbial biofilms Biofilms: recent advances in their study and control (pp. 361-380) Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Zimmerman, R. C., Smith, R. D. . and Alberte, R. S. . (1990). Seagrass revegetation: developing a predictive model of light requirements for Zostera marina Proc. 2nd Calif. Eelgrass Symp. (pp. 6-12) National City, CA: Sweetwater River Press.
Zimmerman, R. C. (1983). Modeling Kelp Growth The Effects of Waste Discharge on Kelp Communities (pp. 233-242) Long Beach, CA: SCCWRP.

Conference Proceeding

Turpie, K., Ackleson, S., Bell, T., Dierssen, H., Goodman, J., Green, R., Guild, L., Hochberg, E., Klemas, V. V.., Lavender, S., Lee, C., Moisan, T., Muller-Karger, F., Ortiz, J., Palacios, S., Thompson, D. R.. and Zimmerman, R. C. (2017). Spectroscopy for global observation of coastal and inland aquatic habitats 2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) (pp. 3051-3054).
Zimmerman, R. C., Dierssen, H., Bissett, W. Paul., Reed, D. and Hill, V. J.. (2016). Bio-optical assessment of giant kelp productivity NASA Ocean Color Team Meeting.
Zimmerman, R. C., Hill, V., Collister, B., Sukenik, C. I. and Balch, W. (2016). Exploiting in situ lidar to retrieve particle distributions and characteristics of the upper ocean AGU Ocean Sciences International Conference.
Sukenik, C. I., Zimmerman, R. C., Hill, V. J.. and Hu, Y. (2016). Exploiting LIDAR to retrieve particle distributions of the upper ocean 2010 Ocean Sciences Meeting From Observation to Prediction in the 21st Century.
Fluoros, A., Zimmerman, R. C., Collister, B. and Hill, V. (2016). In situ oceanographic lidar as a tool for retrieving and characterizing particle distributions in the ocean AGU Ocean Sciences Internationa Conference.
Austin-Minor, E., Austin, J., Sun, L., Kelly, S., Zimmerman, R. C. and Mopper, K. (2016). The effects of turbulence on light exposure in a large-lake surface mixed-layer: a preliminary in-situ dual-dye study AGU Ocean Sciences Internationa Conference.
Hill, V., Zimmerman, R., Cedeno, T., Celebi, B., Dobbs, F., Jinuntuya, M., Smith, M., Swingle, M., Ruble, D., Wallawender and Zayas-Santiago, C. (2015). Impact of climate warming and ocean carbonation on eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) Second US Ocean Acidification Principal Investigators’ Meeting.
Zimmerman, R. and Hill, V. (2015). Impacts of spatial and spectral resolution on hyperspectral remote sensing of aquatic vegetation NASA HyspIRI Symposium.
Oguslu, E., Erkanli, S., Hill, V., Bissett, W., Zimmerman, R. and Li, J. (2014). Detection of seagrass scars using sparse coding and morphological filter Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters and Larger Water Regions 2014 (pp. 9 pp.) SPIE.
Dierssen, HM Hedley, JD Zimmerman,RC (2014). Optics of seagrass for remote sensing applications: models and measurements 17th Biennial Ocean Sciences Meeting (AGU,TOS,ASLO).
Celebi, B., Hill, V. J. and Zimmerman, R. C. (2014). The impact of increasing dissolved CO2 concentration on photoacclimation of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) 17th Biennial Ocean Sciences Meeting (AGU,TOS,ASLO).
Hill, V. J.., Zimmerman, R Bissett, W and Kohler, D. (2012). Ocean Color Remote Sensing of Seagrass Meadows in Saint Joseph’s Bay,Florida,by Hyperspectral Airborne Imagery IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium: Remote Sensing for a Dynamic Earth.
Zimmerman, R. C., Hill, V. J.. and Gallegos, C. (2012). Bio-Optical Modeling of SAV Habitat Requirements: Improving predictions of Water Quality Impacts on a Critical Marine Resource Ocean Optics XXI.
Hill, V. J.., Zimmerman, R. C. and Ruble, D. (2012). Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in Arctic surface waters: implications for solar heating Glasgow: Ocean Optics XXI.
Zimmerman, R. C. (2011). Combined Impacts of Climate Warming and Ocean Carbonation on Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) 2010 Ocean Sciences Meeting From Observation to Prediction in the 21st Century.
Zimmerman, R. C., Hill, V. J.., McPherson, M., Jinuntuya, M., Celebi, B. and Ruble, D. (2011). Combined impacts of climate warming and ocean carbonation on seagrass: from observation to prediction. INVITED PRESENTATION Plant Functional Biolog and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney.
Hill, V., Zimmerman, R. C., Bissett, P. and Kohler, D. (2011). Exploring the utility of the broadband ultispectral sensor WorldView 2 for investigation of nearshore coastal environments 34th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of the Environment.
McPherson, M., Hill, V., Zimmerman, R. C. and Dierssen, H. (2011). The optical properties of Florida Bay: Impacts for Seagrass Productivity AGU Ocean Sciences Meeting.
Zimmerman, R. C. (2010). Benthic Ecology From Space: Using Remote Sensing to Understand Biogeochemical Fluxes in Nearshore Coastal Environments OEAS Department Seminar, Old Dominion University.
Hill, V., Zimmerman, R. C., Hu, Y. and Sukenik, C. I. (2010). Merging active and passive ocean sensors to improve retrieval of primary production in the Arctic Ocean 2010 Ocean Sciences Meeting From Observation to Prediction in the 21st Century.
Rush, T., Zimmerman, R. C. and Hill, V. (2009). Effect of Remote Sensing Image Resolution on the Retrieval of Biomass and Productivity Estimates for Giant Kelp Forests NASA HyspIRI Science Workshop.
Hill, V., Matrai, P. and Zimmerman, R. C. (2008). Primary productivity patterns in the Arctic: the 10 year SeaWiFS record NASA Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry MODIS Team Meeting.
Hill, V., Matrai, P., Olsen, E. and Zimmerman, R. C. (2008). The influence of sea ice on arctic ocean marine primary production: regional responses Ocean Optics XIX, Tuscany,Italy.
Milbrandt, E., Martginette, A., McLean, S. and Zimmerman, R. C. (2007). Improving seagrass and ecosystem management with high resolution water quality instrumentation 18th International Conference of the Estuarine Research Federation.
Dierssen, H., Zimmerman, R. C., Bissett, W. and Alberte, R. (2007). The Red Edge: Exploring high near-infrared reflectance of phytoplankton and the implications for scattering American Geophysical Union Ocean Sciences Meeting.
Zimmerman, R. C., Dierssen, H. and Bissett, W. (2006). Remote Sensing Assessment of Kelp Forest and Seagrass Meadow Productivity UNOLS/SCOAR Aircraft in Oceanography Conference.
Zimmerman, R. C., Dierssen, H. and Bissett, P. (2006). Remote sensing assessment of kelp forest productivity NASA Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry MODIS Team Meeting.
Nardello, I., Zimmerman, R. C., Hill, V. and Ruble, D. (2005). Use of remotely sensed ocean color to retrieve biogeochemical properties in the lower Chesapeake Bay 18th International Conference of the Estuarine Research Federation.
Burdige, D. J. . and Zimmerman, R. C. (2002). Shallow water carbonate sediment-seagrass interactions and their impact on atmospheric CO2 International Workshop for the SEECS (Seagrass Ecosystem Ecoengineering and Carbon Sequestration) Project (pp. 14 pp) University of Toyko, Japan : Graduate School of Frontier Science.
Zimmerman, R. C. and Mobley, C. D.. (1997). Radiative transfer within seagrass canopies: impact on carbon budgets and light requirements (pp. 331-336) Proceedings Ocean Optics XIII.
Zimmerman, R. C., Cabello-Passini, A. and Alberte, R. S. . (1993). Modeling daily carbon gain of aquatic macrophytes from quantum flux measurements: A comparative analysis Proceedings and conclusions of workshops on: Submerged aquatic vegetation initiative and photosynthetically active radiation (pp. 169-195) Palatka, Fl: St. John's River Water Mgmt. Dist.
Alberte, R. S. . and Zimmerman, R. C. (1991). Exploitation of ecological growth models for management of seagrass resources Proc. 7th Symposium on Coastal & Ocean Management.

Presentations

Zimmerman, R., Hill, V., Smith, M., Jinuntuya, M., Celebi, B. and Zayas-Santiago, C. (November 2, 2014). Impact of climate warming and ocean carbonation on eelgrass (Zostera marina). Lecture Invited Lecture Gloucester Point, VA.
Zimmerman, R. and Sukenik, C. (October 26, 2014). Exploring LIDAR to retrieve optical properties of the upper ocean Poster Ocean Optics XXII Portland, ME.
Zimmerman, R., Hill, V., Smith, M., Jinuntuya, M., Celebi, B. and Zayas-Santiago, C. (July 6, 2014). Impact of climate warming and ocean carbonation on eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) Poster Ocean Global Change Biology Gordon Research Conference Waterville, NH.
Jinuntuya, M., Hill, V. and Zimmerman, R. (July 6, 2014). Impacts of rising CO2 on carbon and nitrogen composition of eelgrass, Zostera marina L Poster Ocean Global Change Biology Gordon Research Conference Waterville, NH.
Lymperppoulu, D., Tennis, P., Zimmerman, R. and Dobbs, F. (May 17, 2014). Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Microbial Biofilms Oral Presentation 114th General Meeting American Society for Microbiology Boston, MA.
Takesue, R., Sandy, W., Bulthuis, D., Donogue, C., Chan, F., Zimmerman, R. and al, e. (April 30, 2014). Future of Pacific Northwest Seagrasses in a Changing Climate Poster Future of pacific Northwest Seagrasses in a Changing Climate. 2014 Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference Seattle, WA.
Zayas-Santiago, C., Zimmerman, R., Hill, V., Gaeckle, J. and Short, F. (February 23, 2014). Differential response of Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) populations to CO2 and temperature. Poster 17th Biennial Ocean Sciences Meeting Honolulu, HI.
McPherson, M., Zimmerman, R. and Hill, V. (February 23, 2014). Environmental and physiological influences on productivity and carbon isotope discrimination in eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) Poster 17th Biennial Ocean Sciences Meeting Honolulu, HI.
Sukenik, C., Zimmerman, R., Hill, V. and Degree, A. (February 23, 2014). Exploiting Lidar to retrieve particle distributions of the upper ocean Poster 17th Biennial Ocean Sciences Meeting Honolulu, HI.
Zimmerman, R., Hill, V., Smith, M., Jinuntuya, M. and Celebi, B. (February 23, 2014). Impact of climate warming and ocean carbonation on eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) Oral Presentation 17th Biennial Ocean Sciences Meeting Honolulu, HI.
Jinuntuya, M., Hill, V. and Zimmerman, R. (February 23, 2014). Impacts of rising CO2 on carbon and nitrogen composition of eelgrass, Zostera marina L Poster 17th Biennial Ocean Sciences Meeting Honolulu, HI.
Degree, A., Chappel, D., Hill, V. and Zimmerman, R. (February 23, 2014). Optical analysis of iron deplete and replete diatom pigments Poster 17th Biennial Ocean Sciences Meeting Honolulu, HI.
Diersses, H., Hedley, J. and Zimmerman, R. (February 23, 2014). Optics of seagrass for remote sensing applications: models and measurements Oral Presentation 17th Biennial Ocean Sciences Meeting Honolulu, HI.
Hill, V., Zimmerman, R. and Burdige, D. (February 23, 2014). The influence of CO2 availability on the release of dissolved organic carbon from eelgrass Zostera marina Poster 17th Biennial Ocean Sciences Meeting Honolulu, HI.
Celebi, B., Hill, V. and Zimmerman, R. C. (February 23, 2014). The impact of increasing dissolved CO2 concentration on photoacclimation of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) Poster 17th Biennian Ocean Sciences Meeting Honolulu, HI.
  • 2007: Elected to Phi Kappa Phi, Phi Kappa Phi
  • 1998: Visiting Professor, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
  • 1981: A.R.C.S. Scholar, A.R.C.S.
  • 1981: Elected to Sigma Xi, Sigma Xi